When to start introducing solid foods
在宝宝大约6个月大的时候，将宝宝介绍您的婴儿固体食品，有时称为补充喂养或断奶。
At the beginning, how much your baby eats is less important than getting them used to the idea of eating.
他们仍然会从母乳或第一个婴儿配方中获得大部分能量和营养。
从大约6个月大的时候，给您的宝宝，再加上乳房或配方奶的各种食物，将有助于使您的孩子终生饮食。
逐渐地，您将能够增加婴儿吃的食物的数量和种类，直到他们可以在较小的部分中吃与家人相同的食物。
如果您的宝宝过早出生，请向您的健康访问者或GP咨询有关何时开始引入固体食品的建议。
Why wait until around 6 months to introduce solids?
It’s a good idea to wait until around 6 months before introducing solid foods because:
- breast milk or first infant formula provide the energy and nutrients your baby needs until they're around 6 months old (with the exception ofvitamin D在某些情况下）
- if you're breastfeeding, feeding only breast milk up to around 6 months of age will help protect your baby against illness and infections
- waiting until around 6 months gives your baby time to develop so they can cope fully with solid foods – this includes solid foods made into purées, cereals and baby rice added to milk
- 您的宝宝会更有能力养活自己
- your baby will be better at moving food around their mouth, chewing and swallowing it – this may mean they'll be able to progress to a range of tastes and textures (such as mashed, lumpy and finger foods) more quickly, and may not need smooth, blended foods at all
迹象表明您的宝宝已经准备好固体食物
有3个明确的迹象，当它们从6个月大左右出现时，它们就可以与母乳或第一个婴儿配方奶粉一起准备好您的第一次固体食物。
They'll be able to:
- 保持坐姿并保持稳定
- co-ordinate their eyes, hands and mouth so they can look at the food, pick it up and put it in their mouth by themselves
- 吞咽食物（而不是吐回食物）
父母可能会误认为他们的婴儿已经准备好固体食物：
- chewing their fists
- 夜晚醒来（比平常更多）
- 想要额外的牛奶饲料
These are all normal behaviours for babies and not necessarily a sign that they're hungry or ready to start solid food.
Starting solid foods will not make your baby any more likely to sleep through the night. Sometimes a little extra milk will help until they're ready for solid foods.
How to start solid foods
最初，您的宝宝只需要少量食物，然后才能在他们通常的牛奶饲料之前。
Do not worry about how much they eat. The most important thing is getting them used to new tastes and textures, and learning how to move solid foods around their mouths and how to swallow them.
他们仍然会从母乳或婴儿配方中获得大部分能量和营养。
有一些食物可以避免给宝宝。例如，请勿在婴儿的食物或烹饪水中添加糖或盐（包括汤匙和肉汁）。
Babies should not eat salty foods as it's not good for their kidneys, and sugar can cause tooth decay.
Tips to get your baby off to a good start with solid foods:
- Eating is a whole new skill. Some babies learn to accept new foods and textures more quickly than others. Keep trying, and give your baby lots of encouragement and praise.
- 花很多时间，尤其是起初。
- 按照宝宝的速度走，让他们在饥饿或饱满时向您展示。当您的宝宝显示他们已经受够了的迹象时，停止了。这可能会牢固地闭上嘴或转过头。如果您使用勺子，请在提供食物之前等待宝宝张开嘴。不要强迫宝宝吃。等到下一次，如果他们这次不感兴趣。
- Be patient and keep offering a variety of foods, even the ones they do not seem to like. It may take 10 tries or more for your baby to get used to new foods, flavours and textures. There will be days when they eat more, some when they eat less, and then days when they reject everything. Do not worry, this is perfectly normal.
- 让宝宝喜欢触摸和拿着食物。一旦表现出兴趣，就可以让他们用手指喂食。如果您使用的是勺子，您的宝宝可能喜欢握住它或其他勺子尝试养活自己。
- 在进餐时，请尽量减少注意力，并避免将宝宝坐在电视，电话或平板电脑前。
- Show them how you eat. Babies copy their parents and other children. Sit down together for family mealtimes as much as possible.
Texture progression
Once you've started introducing solid foods from around 6 months of age, try to move your baby on from puréed or blended foods to mashed, lumpy or finger foods as soon as they can manage them.
这有助于他们学习如何咀嚼，将固体食物在嘴上移动并吞咽。
Some babies like to start with mashed, lumpy or finger foods.
Other babies need a little longer to get used to new textures, so may prefer smooth or blended foods on a spoon at first.
Just keep offering them lumpy textures and they'll eventually get used to it.
安全和卫生
When introducing your baby to solid foods, it's important to take extra care to not put them at risk.
关键食品安全和卫生建议：
- 在准备食物之前始终洗手并保持表面清洁
- cool hot food and test it before giving it to your baby
- wash and peel fruit and raw vegetables
- avoid hard foods like whole nuts, or raw carrot or apple
- 从水果中取出硬pip和石头，以及肉或鱼的骨头
- 将小的圆形食物（如葡萄和樱桃番茄）切成小块
- 根据《英国狮子练习守则》（用红狮盖章）生产的鸡蛋被认为是沙门氏菌的风险很低，婴儿可以对婴儿进行部分烹饪
Always stay with your baby when they're eating in case they start to choke.
Choking is different from gagging. Your baby may gag when you introduce solid foods.
This is because they're learning how to deal with solid foods and regulate the amount of food they can manage to chew and swallow at one time.
如果您的宝宝在堵塞：
- 他们的眼睛可能浇水
- they might push their tongue forward (or out of their mouth)
- they might retch to bring the food forward in their mouth or vomit
设备清单
- 高脚椅。您的宝宝需要安全地坐在直立的位置（以便可以正确吞咽）。始终在高椅子上使用牢固安装的安全带。切勿将婴儿无人看管在凸起的表面上。
- Plastic or pelican bibs. It's going to be messy at first!
- Soft weaning spoons are gentler on your baby's gums.
- 小塑料碗。您可能会发现有一个特殊的断奶碗，上面放着一个抽吸的碗来将碗固定在适当的位置。
- 第一杯。介绍大约6个月的杯子，并提供一口用餐。使用开放式杯子或没有阀门的自由流杯将帮助您的宝宝学习饮食，并且对牙齿更有利。
- A messy mat or newspaper sheets under the high chair to catch most of the mess.
- 塑料容器和冰立方托盘可能有助于批量烹饪和冻结小部分。
Find out more:
喂宝宝：0到6个月
Breast milk is the best food your baby can have during their first 6 months of life.
它是免费的，始终可用，并且在完美的温度下为您的宝宝量身定制。
First infant formula is the only suitable alternative if you do not breastfeed or choose to supplement breast milk.
直到12个月大时才不应将其他奶或牛奶替代品（包括牛牛奶）作为主要饮料引入。
"Follow-on" formula is not suitable for babies under 6 months, and you do not need to introduce it after 6 months.
Babies do not need baby rice to help them move to solid foods or sleep better.
When using a bottle, do not put anything (such as sugar or cereals) in it other than breast milk or infant formula.
婴儿的维生素
It's recommended that breastfed babies are given a daily supplement containing 8.5 to 10 micrograms (µg) of vitamin D from birth, whether or not you're taking a supplement containing vitamin D yourself.
每天不应给予维生素补充剂的婴儿（大约一品脱）或更多的配方奶粉。
This is because formula is fortified with vitamin D and other nutrients.
所有6个月至5岁的儿童每天都应给予含有维生素A，C和D的维生素补充剂。
Find out more:
Feeding your baby: from around 6 months
When they first start having solid foods, babies do not need 3 meals a day. Babies have tiny tummies, so start by offering them small amounts of food (just a few pieces, or teaspoons of food).
选择一个适合您俩的时间，当您不急于匆忙而您的宝宝不太疲倦时。
开始在通常的牛奶饲料之前向他们提供食物，因为如果他们饱满，他们可能不会感兴趣，但不要等到您的宝宝太饿了。
留出足够的时间，让宝宝按照自己的速度走。
Keep offering different foods, even foods your baby has already rejected.
在您的宝宝接受新食物或质地之前，尤其是随着年龄的增长，可能需要进行10次尝试或更多尝试。
您的宝宝仍然会从母乳或第一个婴儿配方中获得大部分能量和营养。
母乳或婴儿配方奶粉应成为第一年的主要饮料。在1岁之前，不要给他们全牛“（或山羊”或绵羊的牛奶。
You can continue breastfeeding for as long as you both want.
介绍大约6个月的杯子，并提供一口用餐。使用开放式杯子或没有阀门的自由流杯将帮助您的宝宝学习饮食，并且对牙齿更有利。
第一食品
You might want to start with single vegetables and fruits.
Try mashed or soft cooked sticks of parsnip, broccoli, potato, yam, sweet potato, carrot, apple or pear.
包括不甜的蔬菜，例如西兰花，花椰菜和菠菜。
这将有助于您的宝宝习惯各种口味（而不仅仅是较甜的口味，例如胡萝卜和红薯），并可能有助于防止他们在长大后成为挑剔的食客。
Make sure any cooked food has cooled right down before offering it to your baby.
Foods containing allergens (such as peanuts, hens' eggs, gluten and fish) can be introduced from around 6 months of age, 1 at a time and in small amounts so you can spot any reaction.
母牛的牛奶可用于烹饪或与6个月大的食物混合，但不应作为饮料作为饮料，直到您的婴儿1岁。
Full-fat dairy products, such as pasteurised cheese and plain yoghurt or fromage frais, can be given from around 6 months of age. Choose products with no added sugar.
请记住，婴儿不需要在食物（或烹饪水）中添加盐或糖。
手抓点心
一旦您的宝宝开始固体食物，请鼓励他们参与进餐时间，并有趣地触摸，举行和探索食物。
当他们想要时，让他们用手指喂食。这有助于发展精细的运动技能和手眼协调。
Your baby can show you how much they want to eat, and it gets them familiar with different types and textures of food.
Offering your baby finger foods at each meal is a good way to help them learn to self-feed.
Finger food is food that's cut up into pieces big enough for your baby to hold in their fist with a bit sticking out.
关于您自己的手指大小的作品很好。
从手指食物开始，这些食物很容易在他们的嘴里分解，并且足够长的时间可以抓住。
避免硬食，例如全坚果或生胡萝卜和苹果，以降低choking。
手指食品的例子包括：
- soft cooked vegetables, such as carrot, broccoli, cauliflower, parsnip, butternut squash
- 水果（柔软或煮熟而无需添加糖），例如苹果，梨，桃子，瓜，香蕉
- 鳄梨的可抓毛
- 煮熟的淀粉食品，例如土豆，地瓜，木薯，面食，面条，薄饼，米饭
- 豆类，例如豆类和小扁豆
- 没有骨头的鱼
- 完全煮熟的蛋
- meat without bones, such as chicken and lamb
- sticks of pasteurised full-fat hard cheese (choose lower salt options)
婴儿-led weaning
婴儿-led weaning means giving your baby only finger foods and letting them feed themselves from the start instead of feeding them puréed or mashed food on a spoon.
Some parents prefer baby-led weaning to spoon feeding, while others do a combination of both.
There's no right or wrong way. The most important thing is that your baby eats a wide variety of food and gets all the nutrients they need.
没有更多的风险chokingwhen a baby feeds themselves than when they're fed with a spoon.
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喂宝宝：7到9个月
从大约7个月开始，您的宝宝还将逐渐朝着每天吃3顿饭（早餐，午餐和茶），除了通常的牛奶饲料（例如，每天约4次）（例如，醒来，午餐后，午餐后，之后茶和睡觉前）。
当您的宝宝吃更多的固体食物时，他们可能需要减少每次饲料的牛奶，甚至完全放下牛奶饲料。
如果您要母乳喂养，您的宝宝会根据自己的食物来调整饲料。
作为指导，配方奶粉的婴儿每天可能需要约600毫升的牛奶。
Gradually increase the amount and variety of food your baby is offered to ensure they get the energy and nutrients they need.
Try to include food that contains iron, such as meat, fish, fortified breakfast cereals, dark green vegetables, beans and lentils, at each meal.
宝宝的饮食应包括以下各种：
- 水果和蔬菜，包括带有苦味的味道，例如西兰花，花椰菜，菠菜和白菜
- potatoes, bread, rice, pasta and other starchy foods
- beans, pulses, fish, eggs, meat and other non-dairy sources of protein
- 巴氏灭菌的全脂乳制品，例如普通酸奶和奶酪（选择较低的盐选择）
As your baby becomes a more confident eater, remember to offer them more mashed, lumpy and finger foods.
Providing finger foods as part of each meal helps encourage infants to feed themselves, develop hand and eye co-ordination, and learn to bite off, chew and swallow pieces of soft food.
请记住，婴儿不需要在食物（或烹饪水）中添加盐或糖。
Feeding your baby: from 10 to 12 months
From about 10 months, your baby should now be having 3 meals a day (breakfast, lunch and tea), in addition to their usual milk feeds.
大约在这个年龄段，您的宝宝每天可能有大约3个牛奶饲料（例如，早餐后，午餐后和睡觉前）。
Breastfed babies will adapt their milk consumption as their food intake changes.
作为指导，喂养婴儿配方奶粉的婴儿每天喝约400毫升。
Remember that formula-fed babies should take a维生素D补充如果他们每天的配方奶粉少于500毫升。
All breastfed babies should take a vitamin D supplement.
到现在为止，您的宝宝应该享受各种口味和质地。
They should be able to manage a wider range of finger foods, and be able to pick up small pieces of food and move them to their mouth. They'll use a cup with more confidence.
午餐和茶可以包括主菜，以及基于乳制品的水果或不加糖的甜点，以将饮食方式移至1年以上儿童的饮食方式。
As your baby grows, eating together as a family encourages them to develop good eating habits.
请记住，婴儿不需要在食物（或烹饪水）中添加盐或糖。
Feeding your baby: from 12 months
从12个月开始，您的孩子每天都会吃3顿饭各种不同的食物， 包括：
- 每天至少有4份淀粉状食物，例如土豆，面包和米饭
- 每天至少有4份水果和蔬菜
- a minimum of 350ml milk or 2 servings of dairy products (or alternatives)
- a minimum of 1 serving a day of protein from animal sources (meat, fish and eggs) or 2 from vegetable sources (dhal, beans, chickpeas and lentils)
Your child may also need 2 healthy snacks in between meals.
去诸如：
- 新鲜水果，例如苹果，香蕉或小块柔软，成熟，剥皮或桃子
- 烹饪或生蔬菜，例如西兰花小花，胡萝卜棒或黄瓜棒
- pasteurised plain full-fat yoghurt
- sticks of cheese (choose a lower salt option)
- toast, pitta or chapatti fingers
- unsalted and unsweetened rice or corn cakes
世界卫生组织建议所有婴儿的母乳喂养长达2年或更长时间。
只要您俩都适合母乳喂养，您就可以保持母乳喂养，但是您的孩子将需要更少的母乳来腾出更多食物。
一旦您的孩子今年12个月大，就不需要婴儿配方奶粉，幼儿奶，成长的奶和晚安牛奶也是不必要的。
您的宝宝现在可以喝全牛的牛奶。选择全脂乳制品，因为2岁以下的儿童需要维生素和其中的额外能量。
From 2 years old, if they're a good eater and growing well, they can have semi-skimmed milk.
从5岁起，可以使用1％的脂肪和脱脂牛奶。
您可以从1岁的健康，平衡的饮食中为孩子提供未加糖的钙结合牛奶替代品，例如大豆，燕麦或杏仁饮料。
由于水平的水平，不应给5岁以下的儿童砷in these products.
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