Hepatitis

Hepatitis is the term used to describe inflammation of the liver. It's usually the result of a viral infection or liver damage caused by drinking alcohol.

有几种不同类型的肝炎。某些类型会通过而没有任何严重问题，而其他类型可能会持久（慢性）并引起肝脏疤痕（肝硬化），肝功能的丧失，在某些情况下，肝癌.

Symptoms of hepatitis

Short-term (acute) hepatitis often has no noticeable symptoms, so you may not realise you have it.

If symptoms do develop, they can include:

• muscle and关节痛
• a high temperature
• 感觉和生病
• feeling unusually tired all the time
• a general sense of feeling unwell
• 食欲不振
• 肚子疼
• 黑尿
• pale, grey-coloured poo
• 皮肤发痒
• yellowing of the eyes and skin (jaundice)

See your GP if you have any persistent or troublesome symptoms that you think could be caused by hepatitis.

长期（慢性）肝炎也可能没有明显的症状，直到肝脏停止正常工作（肝衰竭），并且只能在期间捡起blood tests.

In the later stages it can cause jaundice, swelling in the legs, ankles and feet,混乱, and blood in your stools or vomit.

肝炎

肝炎is caused by the hepatitis A virus. It's usually caught by consuming food and drink contaminated with the poo of an infected person, and is most common in countries where sanitation is poor.

肝炎A通常会在几个月内通过，尽管有时可能会严重甚至威胁生命。

There's no specific treatment for it, other than to relieve symptoms like pain, nausea and itching.

建议对丙型肝炎的疫苗接种：

• 您的感染风险很高或感染的严重后果
• 您正在前往病毒常见的地区，例如印度次大陆，非洲，中部和南美，远东和东欧。

Find out more about hepatitis A

肝炎b

肝炎bis caused by the hepatitis B virus, which is spread in the blood of an infected person.

It's a common infection worldwide and is usually spread from infected pregnant women to their babies, or from child-to-child contact.

它也可以通过无保护的性别和注射药物传播。

肝炎bis uncommon in the UK. It most commonly affects people who became infected while growing up in part of the world where the infection is more common, such as southeast Asia and sub-Saharan Africa.

大多数感染丙型肝炎的成年人能够在几个月内从感染中完全康复并从感染中完全康复。

But most people infected as children develop a long-term infection. This is known as chronic hepatitis B, and can lead to cirrhosis and liver cancer. Antiviral medicine can be used to treat it.

In the UK, vaccination against hepatitis B is recommended for people in high-risk groups, such as:

• 医护人员
• people who inject drugs
• men who have sex with men
• 丙型肝炎母亲出生的孩子
• people travelling to parts of the world where the infection is more common

丙型肝炎疫苗接种也是常规免疫计划的一部分，因此所有儿童都可以受益于这种病毒。

Find out more about hepatitis B

丙型肝炎

丙型肝炎is caused by the hepatitis C virus.

It's usually spread through blood-to-blood contact with an infected person.

In the UK, it's most commonly spread through sharing needles used to inject drugs.

医疗保健实践和不安全的医疗注射是它在英国以外传播的主要方式。

丙型肝炎通常不会引起明显的症状，或者仅引起类似流感的症状，因此许多人没有意识到自己的感染。

Some people will fight off the infection and be free of the virus. In other cases, it'll stay in the body for many years.

这被称为慢性丙型肝炎，可能导致肝硬化和肝衰竭。

Chronic hepatitis C can be treated with very effective antiviral medicines, but there's currently no vaccine available.

Find out more about hepatitis C

肝炎d

肝炎dis caused by the hepatitis D virus. It only affects people who are already infected with hepatitis B, as it needs the hepatitis B virus to be able to survive in the body.

肝炎dis usually spread through blood-to-blood contact or sexual contact. It's uncommon in the UK, but is more widespread in other parts of Europe, the Middle East, Africa and South America.

Long-term infection with hepatitis D and hepatitis B can increase your risk of developing serious problems, such as cirrhosis and liver cancer.

There's no vaccine specifically for hepatitis D, but the hepatitis B vaccine can help protect you from it.

肝炎

丙型肝炎是由丙型肝炎病毒引起的。近年来，欧洲的病例数量有所增加，现在是英国短期（急性）肝炎的最常见原因。

The virus has been mainly associated with the consumption of raw or undercooked pork meat or offal, but also with wild boar meat, venison and shellfish.

肝炎is generally a mild and short-term infection that does not require any treatment, but it can be serious in some people, such as those who have a weakened immune system.

没有针对丙型肝炎的疫苗E。当前往世界各地的卫生部分旅行时，流行肝炎可能很常见，您可以通过练习美食和水卫生措施来降低风险。

The British Liver Trust has more information about hepatitis E

酒精性肝炎

酒精性肝炎is a type of hepatitis caused by drinking excessive amounts of alcohol over many years.

这种情况在英国很常见，许多人没有意识到他们有。

This is because it does not usually cause any symptoms, although it can cause sudden jaundice and liver failure in some people.

停止饮酒通常会使您的肝脏康复，但是如果您继续过量喝酒，则可能会出现肝硬化，肝癌或肝癌。

您可以通过控制饮酒量来降低患酒精性肝炎的风险。

It's recommended that you do not regularly drink more than 14units of alcohol一周。

Read more aboutalcohol-related liver diseaseand thehealth risks associated with alcohol.

自身免疫性肝炎

自身免疫性肝炎is a rare cause of long-term hepatitis where the immune system attacks and damages the liver.

最终，肝脏会受到如此受损，以至于停止正常工作。

Treatment for autoimmune hepatitis involves very effective medicines that suppress the immune system and reduce inflammation.

It's not clear what causes autoimmune hepatitis and it's not known whether anything can be done to prevent it.

The British Liver Trust has more information about autoimmune hepatitis