Diagnosis-Infertility

该妇女40岁以下的十对夫妇中有八个以上将在定期无保护的性行为的一年内自然而然地怀孕。

常规的无保护性别意味着每2至3天做爱而无需使用避孕.

When to get medical help

如果您在尝试一年后没有想到，请参阅您的全科医生。

You should see a GP sooner if:

• you are female and are aged 36 or over – the decline in fertility speeds up when reaching your mid-30s
• have any other reason to be concerned about your fertility, for example, if you've had treatment for癌症或者您认为您可能有一个sexually transmitted infection (STI)

Fertility tests can take time and female fertility decreases with age, so it's best to make an appointment early.

The GP will be able to do an initial assessment to check for things that may be causing your fertility problems and advise you about what to do next.

It's always best for both partners to visit the GP as fertility problems can affect either or both partners.

Trying to conceive can be an emotional process, so it's important to support each other as much as possible.压力is just one factor that can affect fertility.

Questions your doctor may ask

全科医生会询问您有关您的医疗和性史。

以前的怀孕和儿童

如果您是女性，全科医生将讨论以前的任何出生以及以前的怀孕的任何并发症。

They'll also ask about anymiscarriagesyou've had.

If you're a man, you'll be asked whether you've had any children from previous relationships.

试图受孕的时间长度

全科医生会询问您一直试图怀孕多长时间。

如果有规律的不受保护的性行为（每2至3天），则约有84％的人会在1年内受孕。

Of those who do not conceive in the first year, about half will conceive in the second year.

如果您40岁以下，并且很长时间没尝试婴儿，可能会建议您继续尝试更长的时间。

Sex

You'll be asked how often you have sex and whether you have any difficulties during sex.

You may feel uncomfortable or embarrassed discussing your sex life with the GP, but it's best to be open and honest.

If the fertility problem is related to sex, it might be overcome easily.

Length of time since stopping contraception

您会被问到有关的类型避孕您以前使用过，当您停止使用它时。

It can sometimes take a while for some types of contraception to stop working and this may be affecting your fertility.

Medical history and symptoms

GP将讨论您过去或患有的任何医疗状况，包括sexually transmitted infections (STIs).

If you're a woman, the GP may ask if you have regularperiods以及您是否在期间之间或性生活后出血。

Medicine

Some medicines can affect your fertility. The GP will ask you about any medicine you're taking and might discuss alternative treatments with you.

You should mention any non-prescription medicine you're taking, including herbal remedies and supplements.

Lifestyle

几种生活方式因素会影响您的生育能力。GP会想知道：

• if you smoke
• how much you weigh
• how much alcohol you drink
• 您是否服用任何非法毒品
• if you're stressed

They may recommend making changes to your lifestyle to increase your chances of conceiving.

Read more about:

• How can I increase my chances of becoming pregnant?
• 我如何提高成为爸爸的机会？

问您问题后，GP可能会进行体格检查或参考您的测试。

Physical examination

If you are female, the GP may:

• weigh you to see if you have a healthy body mass index (BMI)
• examine your pelvic area to check for infection, lumps or tenderness, which could be a sign offibroids, ovarian tumours,endometriosis或者pelvic inflammatory disease (PID)- 看causes of infertility

If you are male, the GP may check your:

• 睾丸寻找任何团块或畸形
• penis to look at its shape, structure and any obvious abnormalities

进行体格检查后，您可能会被转诊至NHS医院或生育诊所的专业不育症小组以进行进一步检查。

Fertility tests for women

Tests to find out the cause of infertility in women include:

Blood tests

可以对您的血液样本进行称为孕激素的激素，以检查您是否排卵。

The timing of the test is based on how regular yourperiodsare.

如果你有irregular periods, you'll be offered a test to measure hormones called gonadotrophins, which stimulate the ovaries to produce eggs.

衣原体测试

Chlamydia是可能影响生育能力的性传播感染。类似于棉布，但较小，柔软和圆形的拭子用于从子宫颈收集一些细胞以测试衣原体。

尿液测试可以用作替代方案。

You'll be prescribedantibioticsif you have chlamydia.

超声扫描

Anultrasound scan可用于检查卵巢，子宫（子宫）和输卵管。某些可能影响子宫的疾病，例如子宫内膜异位症和肌瘤，可以防止妊娠。

A scan can also be used to look for signs that your fallopian tubes (the tubes that connect the ovaries and the womb) may be blocked, which may be stopping eggs from travelling along the tubes and into the womb.

如果超声提示可能堵塞，您的医生将把您转介给专家，以讨论进一步的检查，例如laparoscopy.

During a transvaginal ultrasound scan, an ultrasound probe is placed in your vagina. The scan can be used to check the health of your womb and ovaries and for any blockages in your fallopian tubes.

A hysterosalpingo-contrast-ultrasonography is a special type of ultrasound scan sometimes used to check the fallopian tubes.

A small amount of fluid is injected into your womb through a tube put into the neck of your womb (the cervix).

Ultrasound is used to look at the fluid as it passes through the fallopian tubes to check for any blockages or abnormalities.

If the test suggests a possible blockage, your doctor will refer you to a specialist to discuss further checks, such as laparoscopy.

X射线

A hysterosalpingogram is anX射线注射了特殊染料后的子宫和输卵管。

It can be used to find blockages in your fallopian tubes, which may be stopping eggs travelling along the tubes and into your womb.

Laparoscopy

Laparoscopy(keyhole surgery) involves making a small cut in your lower tummy so a thin tube with a camera at the end (a laparoscope) can be inserted to examine your womb, fallopian tubes and ovaries.

染料可以通过子宫颈注入输卵管中，以突出显示其中的任何障碍物。

腹腔镜检查通常仅在可能有问题的情况下使用，例如，如果您有一集pelvic inflammatory disease (PID)in the past, or if scans suggest a possible blockage of one or both of your tubes.

Fertility tests for men

找出男性不育症原因的测试包括：

精液分析

This is to check for problems with sperm, such as a low sperm count or sperm that are not moving properly.

衣原体测试

A sample of your urine will be tested to check forchlamydia, as it can affect fertility.

Your GP will prescribeantibioticsif you have chlamydia.

阅读有关不育的不同治疗方法.