Apixaban-品牌名称：Eliquis

apixaban是一种被称为抗凝剂或血液稀释剂的药物。

It makes your blood flow through your veins more easily. This means your blood will be less likely to make a dangerous blood clot.

它用于治疗由血块引起的健康问题的人，例如：

• a中风
• a心脏病发作
• 腿上的血块(deep vein thrombosis, or DVT)
• 肺中的血块(pulmonary embolism)

如果您将来有高风险，它也用于防止血凝块。

People who are at high risk include those who:

• have an abnormal heartbeat(atrial fibrillation)
• 最近已经进行了手术以更换臀部或膝关节

Apixaban is only available on prescription. It comes as tablets.

• 通常每天两次服用阿apixaban。
• 你可以采取apixaban with or without food.
• Apixaban最常见的副作用比正常人更容易出血，例如流鼻血，较重的时期，出血的牙龈和瘀伤。它往往会在治疗的头几周或不适发生。
• 始终随身携带抗凝警报卡。在进行手术或牙科治疗之前，请将其展示给您的医生或牙医。重要的是，他们知道您要服用阿apixaban，因为这可能会使您有流血的风险。

apixaban可以由18岁及以上的成年人服用。

Apixaban is not suitable for some people. Tell your doctor if you:

• 过去对Apixaban或任何其他药物有过敏反应
• 试图怀孕或已经怀孕了 - 阿apixaban可能对您的宝宝有害
• have liver problems
• 最近有脊柱损伤或手术
• 正在服用其他影响血液凝结的药物，例如华法林
• have any injuries that are currently bleeding a lot, such as a wound or a胃溃疡
• 正在服用草药疗法圣约翰的麦芽汁（通常是为了沮丧)
• haveantiphospholipid syndrome，一种影响免疫系统并使您更有可能获取血块的疾病

如您的医生告诉您的那样，请服用Apixaban非常重要。

It's usual to take it twice a day. Try to take it at the same time every day.

Swallow the tablet with a drink of water. Apixaban can be taken with or without food.

If you have trouble swallowing pills, speak to your doctor or pharmacist.

您可以粉碎Apixaban片剂，并将其与水，苹果汁或苹果泥混合。马上吞下这种混合物。

剂量

Your dose of apixaban depends on why you're taking it:

• 适用于心脏问题的人，称为房颤– the usual dose is one 5mg tablet, taken twice a day. But your doctor may prescribe a lower dose of one 2.5mg tablet twice a day if you're over 80 years old, weigh less than 60kg (9st 6lb), or have kidney disease and are at a higher risk of bleeding.
• for people who have recently had a blood clot- 如果您在过去6个月内有一个血块，则通常的剂量为两片5mg片剂，每天两次服用两次。之后，您每天两次服用一台5mg平板电脑。
• 为了降低未来血块的风险- 如果您有6个月前的血块，通常的剂量为2.5mg片剂，每天服用两次。
• for people who have had a hip or knee replacement- 通常的剂量为2.5mg片剂，每天服用两次，通常在手术后12至24小时服用首次剂量。

If you're unsure what dose you need to take, check with your doctor or pharmacist.

如果我忘了接受该怎么办？

记住，除非您几乎该下一次剂量的时间。

不要双剂量弥补错过的剂量。在通常的时间服用下一个剂量，然后正常进行。

请记住每天服用阿apixaban非常重要。

If you often forget doses, it may help to set an alarm to remind you.

You could also ask your pharmacist for advice on other ways to help you remember to take your medicine.

如果我服用太多怎么办？

请立即向您的医生或药剂师咨询建议，因为过量服用使您有出血的风险。

How long will I take it for?

您需要服用apixaban多长时间取决于您为什么要服用它。

If you have had knee replacement surgery, you'll usually take the tablets for 10 to 14 days.

If you have had a hip replacement, you'll usually take the tablets for 32 to 38 days.

如果您的血液凝块（DVT或肺栓塞），通常您至少要服用Apixaban至少3个月。

根据导致血块的原因，您可能需要将其更长的时间。

如果您有房颤，则可能需要长期或终生服用阿吉斯班。

Anticoagulant alert card

Your doctor or pharmacist will give you an anticoagulant alert card.

Carry this with you all the time. It tells healthcare professionals that you're taking an anticoagulant.

This can be useful for them to know in case of a medical emergency.

如果您需要任何医疗或牙科治疗，请向护士，医生或牙医展示抗凝警报卡。

这包括您与牙科卫生员进行疫苗接种和例行会议。

您的医生可能建议您停止服用Apixaban或在短时间内减少剂量。

Switching from warfarin to apixaban

如果您需要从Warfarin转换为Apixaban，您的医生会建议您何时停止服用华法林。

这可能是您启动apixaban的几天。

您的医生或抗凝剂诊所将进行称为国际标准化比率（INR）的血液检查，以检查血液凝血的速度。

这是为了帮助确切决定何时应该开始服用apixaban。

从阿apixaban切换到华法林

If you need to switch from apixaban to warfarin, you may need to take both medicines together for a few days.

您的医生或抗凝剂诊所将进行称为国际标准化比率（INR）的血液检查，以检查血液凝血的速度。

这是为了确定何时应该停止服用apixaban。

尽管阿apixaban具有巨大的好处，但不利的一面是它可以使您流血比正常人多。

这是因为当您服用apixaban时，您的血液不会轻易凝结。

Less serious bleeding

It's usual to bleed more easily than normal while you're taking apixaban.

The kind of bleeding you might have includes:

• 重量比正常更长且持续更长的时期
• 如果您割伤自己，流血比平常更长一点
• 偶尔流鼻血（持续不到10分钟）
• bleeding from your gums when you brush your teeth
• 瘀伤更容易出现，需要比平时更长的时间褪色

This type of bleeding is not dangerous and should stop by itself.

If it happens, keep taking the apixaban, but tell your doctor if the bleeding bothers you or does not stop.

Things you can do to help yourself

• 切割- 用干净的布按切口10分钟。
• Nosebleeds- 坐着或直立站立（不要躺下），将鼻子捏在鼻孔上方10至15分钟，向前倾斜并通过嘴呼吸，然后将冰袋（或一袋冷冻的豌豆包裹在teatowel中）鼻子的顶部
• Bleeding gums– if your gums are bleeding, try using a soft toothbrush and waxed dental floss to clean your teeth.
• Bruises– these are harmless, but can be unsightly. It might help to make them fade more quickly if you put an ice pack wrapped in a towel over the bruise for 10 minutes at a time several times a day.

您可以做些什么来防止流血

While you're taking apixaban, be careful when you do activities that might cause an injury or a cut or bruising.

It can help to:

• stop playing contact sports or other activities than can cause a head injury – such as football, rugby, hockey and horse riding
• wear gloves when you use sharp objects like scissors, knives and gardening tools
• stop wet shaving or removing hair with wax – use an electric razor or hair-removing cream instead
• 如果您戴上牙齿（假牙齿）或固定器几个小时，如果您佩戴它们，以给您的牙龈休息 - 请勿佩戴牙齿或固定器
• tell your doctor, dentist or nurse that you take apixaban before you have any medical or dental procedures or surgery – this includes vaccinations and routine appointments with the dental hygienist

Serious bleeding

有时，您可能会因服用阿apixaban而出血。这可能是危险的，需要紧急医疗护理。

像所有药物一样，阿apixaban可能会引起副作用，尽管并非每个人都得到了副作用。

The most common side effect is bleeding more easily than normal, such as having nosebleeds, heavier periods, bleeding gums and bruising.

Very rarely, apixaban can lead to bleeding in the brain.

This can cause a very severe headache, fits (seizures), changes to your eyesight, numbness or tingling in your arms or legs, and make you feel very tired, weak or sick.

If you suddenly get any of these symptoms, contact your doctor immediately. This is an emergency.

Other common side effects

These common side effects happen in more than 1 in 100 people.

They're usually mild and do not last long, but talk to your doctor or pharmacist if these side effects bother you or do not go away:

• tiredness and lack of energy, shortness of breath, noticeable heartbeats (heart palpitations) and pale skin – these can be signs of anaemia
• 感到头晕或头晕
• a mild rash
• feeling sick (nausea)

严重的副作用

In rare cases, apixaban can cause aserious allergic reaction (anaphylaxis).

这些并不是Apixaban的所有副作用。有关完整列表，请参阅您的药品包中的传单。

该怎么办：

• signs of anaemia– talk to your doctor, who may arrange a blood test.
• 感到头晕或头晕– if apixaban makes you feel dizzy when you stand up, try getting up very slowly or stay sitting down until you feel better. If you begin to feel dizzy, lie down so you do not faint, then sit until you feel better. If the dizziness does not go away or keeps happening, speak to your doctor. They may arrange a blood test to see if you have anaemia.
• a mild rash- 您可以从药房购买抗组胺药可能有助于使用抗组胺药。与药剂师联系以查看适合您的类型。如果皮疹在几天内没有消失，请与您的医生交谈。
• feeling sick (nausea)- 坚持简单的饭菜，不要吃丰富或辛辣的食物。吃完后，可能会带上阿apixaban。

通常不建议在怀孕期间或母乳喂养时使用apixaban。

Some medicines and supplements can affect apixaban. This can lead to serious side effects.

Tell your doctor if you are taking these medicines before starting apixaban:

• 任何其他抗凝剂，例如华法林或Enoxaparin
• 治疗真菌或细菌感染的药物，例如酮康唑，红霉素或者rifampicin
• drugs to treat an abnormal heartbeat, such as dronedarone, quinidine and verapamil
• 在移植后预防器官排斥的药物，例如环孢菌素
• drugs to treat epilepsy, such ascarbamazepine,phenytoin和苯巴比妥
• 非甾体类抗炎药（NSAID），例如ibuprofen和aspirin

Taking apixaban with everyday painkillers

你可以采取扑热息痛当您服用Apixaban时。

Do not takeaspirin或者ibuprofenwhile you're taking apixaban unless a doctor has said it's OK to. They increase the chance of bleeding.

将阿apixaban与草药和补品混合

Do not take St John's wort, the herbal remedy for depression, while you're taking apixaban. It can increase your risk of side effects.