Treatment-粉刺

痤疮的治疗取决于它的严重程度。在痤疮症状改善之前，可能需要几个月的治疗。

If you just have a few blackheads, whiteheads and spots, a pharmacist should be able to advise you on how to treat them successfully with over-the-counter gels or creams (topical treatments) that contain benzoyl peroxide.

GP的治疗

See a GP if your acne is中度或重度, or medicine from your pharmacy has not worked, as you probably need prescription medicine.

Prescription medicines that can be used to treat acne include:

• topical retinoids
• topical抗生素
• azelaic acid
• antibiotic tablets
• 在女性中，combined oral contraceptive pill

如果您患有严重的痤疮或处方药不起作用，您的全科医生可以将您转介给治疗皮肤疾病的专家（皮肤科医生）。

例如，如果：

• you have a large number of papules and pustules on your chest and back, as well as your face
• 你有痛苦的结节
• 您患有疤痕或有疤痕的风险
• your condition is making you feel very low or anxious

For mild to moderate or moderate to severe acne, you’ll usually be started on a combination of topical treatments, or antibiotic tablets combined with topical treatments.

激素疗法or the combined oral contraceptive pill can also be effective in women who have acne.

但是仅孕激素的药丸orcontraceptive implantcan sometimes make acne worse.

这些治疗中的许多治疗方法可能需要2到3个月才能开始工作。

It's important to be patient and persist with a recommended treatment, even if there's no immediate effect.

局部治疗（凝胶，面霜和乳液）

过氧化苯甲酰

过氧化苯甲酰works as an antiseptic to reduce the number of bacteria on the surface of the skin.

它还有助于减少白头和黑头的数量，并具有抗炎作用。

过氧化苯甲酰is usually available as a cream or gel. It's used either once or twice a day.

It should be applied after washing to all of the parts of your face affected by acne.

It should be used sparingly, as too much can irritate your skin.

它还使您的脸对阳光更敏感，因此避免过多的阳光和紫外线（例如日光浴床）或穿阳光奶油的阳光和源。

过氧化苯甲酰can have a bleaching effect, so avoid getting it on your hair or clothes.

Common side effects of benzoyl peroxide include:

• dry and tense skin
• 燃烧，瘙痒或刺痛感
• 皮肤有些发红和剥皮

副作用通常是温和的，一旦治疗完成。

Most people need a 6-week course of treatment to clear most or all of their acne.

You may be advised to continue treatment less frequently to prevent acne returning.

Topical retinoids

Topical retinoids work by removing dead skin cells from the surface of the skin (exfoliating), which helps prevent them building up within hair follicles.

维甲酸和阿法列伦是用于治疗痤疮的局部类维生素类动物。它们有凝胶或奶油，通常在您上床睡觉前每天使用一次。

Apply to all the parts of your face affected by acne 20 minutes after washing your face.

重要的是要谨慎地应用局部类视黄素，并避免过度暴露于阳光和紫外线。

局部类视黄素不适合在怀孕期间使用，因为它们可能会导致出生缺陷。

The most common side effects of topical retinoids are mild irritation and stinging of the skin.

A 6-week course is usually required, but you may be advised to continue using the medicine less frequently after this.

Topical antibiotics

Topical antibiotics help kill the bacteria on the skin that can infect plugged hair follicles. They're available as a lotion or gel that's applied once or twice a day.

A 6- to 8-week course is usually recommended. After this, treatment is usually stopped, as there's a risk that the bacteria on your face could become resistant to the antibiotics.

这可能会使您的痤疮恶化并引起其他感染。

Side effects are uncommon, but can include:

• 皮肤的轻微刺激
• 皮肤发红和燃烧
• 皮肤剥皮

Azelaic acid

如果过氧化苯甲酰的副作用或局部类维生素类动物的副作用特别刺激或疼痛，通常将硫酸通常用作痤疮的替代方法。

Azelaic acid works by getting rid of dead skin and killing bacteria.

它可作为奶油或凝胶可用，通常每天两次（如果您的皮肤特别敏感，则每天一次）。

该药物不会使您的皮肤对阳光敏感，因此您不必避免暴露于阳光。

You'll usually need to use azelaic acid for a month before your acne improves.

硫酸的副作用通常是温和的，包括：

• 燃烧或刺伤皮肤
• itchiness
• 皮肤干燥
• redness of the skin

Antibiotic tablets

抗生素片剂（口服抗生素）通常与局部治疗结合使用，以治疗更严重的痤疮。

在大多数情况下，除非您怀孕或母乳喂养，否则会开一种称为四环素的抗生素。

通常建议孕妇或母乳喂养妇女服用一种称为抗生素erythromycin, which is known to be safer to use.

通常需要大约6周才能注意到痤疮的改善。

Depending on how well you react to the treatment, a course of oral antibiotics can last 4 to 6 months.

四环素可以使您的皮肤对阳光和紫外线敏感，还可以使口服避孕药在治疗的头几周效果降低。

您需要使用另一种避孕方法，例如避孕套, during this time.

激素疗法

荷尔蒙疗法通常可以使痤疮女性受益，尤其是痤疮膨胀的时候时期or is associated with hormonal conditions such as polycystic ovary syndrome.

如果您尚未使用它，GP可能会推荐combined oral contraceptive pill, even if you're not sexually active.

这种合并的药物通常可以帮助改善女性的痤疮，但可能需要一年的时间才能看到全部福利。

共糖

共培养基是一种激素治疗，可用于对抗生素反应的更严重的痤疮。它有助于减少皮脂的产生。

You'll probably have to use co-cyprindiol for 2 to 6 months before you notice a significant improvement in your acne.

妇女服用共同糖可能会发展很小的风险breast cancer在以后的生活中。

例如，在一群尚未共同吞噬的10,000名女性中，您希望其中16名在35岁时会发展乳腺癌。

This figure rises to 17 or 18 for women who were treated with co-cyprindiol for at least 5 years in their early 20s.

There's also a very small chance of co-cyprindiol causing a血块。在任何一年中，风险估计约为2500分之一。

It's not thought to be safe to take co-cyprindiol if you're pregnant or breastfeeding. Women may need to have a pregnancy test before treatment can begin.

Other side effects of co-cyprindiol include:

• headaches
• 乳房酸痛
• 情绪变化
• 失去对性的兴趣
• 体重增加或减肥

异维诺蛋白

异维诺蛋白是胶囊中的严重痤疮的治疗方法。它有许多有益的效果：

• 它有助于使皮脂标准化并减少产生多少
• 它有助于防止卵泡堵塞
• it decreases the amount of bacteria on the skin
• 它减少了斑点及其周围的发红和肿胀

但是该药物也会引起广泛的副作用。仅建议对未对其他疗法做出反应的严重痤疮病例进行。

Because of the risk of side effects, isotretinoin can only be prescribed by a specialist doctor.

Read all about异维诺蛋白，包括谁可以接受它，副作用和怀孕的风险。

非药物治疗

痤疮的几种治疗方法不涉及医学。

可能建议您进行光动力疗法，在该疗法上将光涂在皮肤上以改善痤疮的症状。

Other non-pharmaceutical treatments include:

• Comedone提取器 - 一种小笔形乐器，可用于清洁黑头和白头
• 化学剥离 - 将化学溶液应用于脸部，导致皮肤剥落并新皮肤替换

但是这些治疗方法可能不起作用，也不能常规建议。