回肠造口术-回肠造口术

尽管起初可能很难进行调整，但进行回肠造口术并不意味着您不能拥有充实而活跃的生活。

Many people with a stoma say their quality of life has improved since having an ileostomy because they no longer have to cope with distressing and uncomfortable symptoms.

但是，如果您发现操作后很难进行调整，则可能有助于与其他通过支持小组等经验的人联系回肠造口术和内部小袋支撑组。

You may also find the following information useful if you have an ileostomy, or are due to have one in the near future.

回肠造口术设备

回肠造口治疗之前和之后，您会看到一位专门帮助造口的护士。

The nurse will advise you about equipment you'll need and how to manage your stoma.

造口袋

您的造口将产生液体消化浪费，从水性稠度到类似于粥的稠度，该杂物收集在造口袋中。

有各种各样的造口袋，但是专业的造口护士可以帮助您选择最合适的设备。

To help reduce skin irritation, stoma bags are made from hypoallergenic (non-allergic) material, and contain special filters to help ensure the bags do not release any unpleasant odours.

They can be easily drained through an opening in the bottom and can be concealed under everyday clothes.

It's usually best to empty your bag into a toilet when it's about one-third full as this prevents the bag bulging underneath your clothes.

通常，建议您每1或2天更换袋子并将其处置在一般的垃圾（不在厕所）中。

At first, living with an ileostomy can be a distressing experience. It may take some time before you get used to it, but with practise and the support of your stoma nurse and family, using stoma bags will become routine.

其他设备和产品

还有其他产品可以使回肠造口术更方便。

这些包括：

• support belts and girdles
• 可以插入设备的除臭剂
• 保护性皮肤湿巾
• 粘合剂的卸载喷雾剂
• 保护性造口后卫

Your stoma care nurse will be able to advise you about the most appropriate equipment to help you manage your ileostomy successfully.

Ordering and paying for equipment

如果您有回肠造口术，您将有权免费使用NHS处方。

You'll be given an initial supply of stoma bags before you leave hospital, as well as your prescription information.

Let your GP know your prescription information so they can make a note of it in your medical records and issue prescriptions in the future.

Your prescription can either be taken to the chemist or sent to a specialist supplier who will deliver the appliances.

无需储备供应，但是建议您在仍然剩下很多时订购更多设备，以免用完。

Stoma care

The output of your stoma can cause irritation to the skin surrounding the opening, so it's important to keep the skin clean.

您应该使用温和的肥皂和水定期清洁该区域。

You may notice small spots of blood around the stoma when you clean it. This is perfectly normal.

It's caused by delicate blood vessels in the tissues of the stoma, which can bleed easily. The bleeding will soon stop.

燃烧或瘙痒的皮肤表明您需要更换设备。

If a large area of skin becomes inflamed, contact your GP or stoma nurse, who will be able to prescribe a cream, powder or spray to treat this.

饮食

In the first few weeks after surgery, you'll usually be advised to follow a low-fibre diet.

这是因为高纤维饮食可以使凳子的稠度更厚，这会导致肠道暂时阻塞。

After around 8 weeks, you'll usually be able to resume a normal diet.

康复时，您应该尝试吃healthy, balanced dietthat includes plenty of fresh fruit and vegetables (at least 5 portions a day) and wholegrains.

If you decide to introduce new foods into your diet after surgery, try to introduce them slowly, at the rate of 1 type of food each meal.

这将使您能够判断食物对消化系统的影响。

You may find it useful to keep a food diary so you can keep a record of the food you have eaten and how you feel afterwards.

例如，您可能会发现您在吃辣食物后或喝酒或含咖啡因的饮料后会经历腹泻。

脱水

If you no longer have a large intestine (colon), you're at greater risk of脱水。

This is because one of the functions of the colon is to reabsorb water and minerals back into the body.

因此，如果您有回肠造口术，尤其是在炎热的天气或在您比正常情况更活跃的时期，请喝大量的水很重要。

药房还提供了用于脱水的液体替代溶液的小袋。

Smell and wind

In the first few weeks after surgery, you may experience a lot of gas(flatulence)。

这是无害的，但可能会令人尴尬和不舒服。由于肠子从手术的作用中恢复，因此应该消退。

彻底咀嚼食物，不吃导致汽油的食物会有所帮助。

这些包括：

• 豆子
• broccoli
• 卷心菜
• cauliflower
• 洋葱
• 蛋

碳酸饮料和啤酒也会引起汽油。请勿跳过饭食以防止汽油，因为它会使问题变得更糟。

如果问题仍然存在，您的GP或造口护士应该能够推荐可以帮助减少汽油的药物。

许多人还担心他们的外部包会闻到。但是所有现代电器都有带有木炭的空气过滤器，可以中和气味。

如有必要，可以在袋中放置的特殊液体和片剂可减少任何气味。

药物

许多药物旨在缓慢溶解在您的消化系统中。

This means some medications may not be as effective if you have an ileostomy as they could come straight out into your bag.

让您的全科医生或药剂师知道您的造口，以便他们可以推荐一种替代类型的药物，例如未涂层药丸，粉末或液体。

在女性中，进行回肠造口术会影响口服避孕药的有效性，因此您可能需要与GP或药剂师讨论替代形式的避孕形式。

Activities

一旦您从手术中完全康复，就没有理由无法返回大多数正常活动，包括工作，运动，旅行和做爱。

但是，在返回正常活动之前，请与您的造口护士交谈，因为他们可以就您可能需要考虑的问题提供建议。

例如，他们可以建议您在参加运动时佩戴防护剂，或者在旅行前储备回肠造口术。

Living with an ileo-anal pouch

Living with an ileo-anal pouch is different from living with an ileostomy because the procedure does not involve creating a stoma in the tummy (abdomen).

取而代之的是，消化废物被存储在内部袋中，并通过直肠和肛门排出。

如果您有一个ileo-anal袋子，则可能会发现在手术后的头几天，每天最多要清空20次。

But the number of times you need to go to the toilet will slowly reduce as the pouch expands and you get used to controlling muscles that surround it.

Most people find their pouch activity settles down after 6 to 12 months, although the number of bowel movements will differ from person to person.

改善肌肉控制

Exercising the muscles that control the passing of stools (pelvic floor muscles) can help make going to the toilet easier if you have an ileo-anal pouch.

It can also reduce the likelihood of accidental leaks during the first few weeks after the operation.

Pelvic floor exercises, as outlined below, are a good way of improving your muscle control:

• Sit or lie comfortably with your knees slightly apart.
• Without moving your abdominal muscles, squeeze the muscle around the back passage as if you're trying to stop passing wind.
• 尽可能长时间保持这种收缩：至少2秒钟，随着您的改进，最多增加了10秒。
• 在重复之前放松相同的时间。

理想的目标是10个短，快速和强大的收缩。

肛门酸痛

肛门囊袋中很常见肛门酸痛或发痒。定期洗澡应有助于缓解这一点。

还建议使用皮肤保护霜。您的全科医生将能够为您提供最好的奶油建议。