HPV疫苗概述-NHS - 18luck手机官网

为12至13岁的女孩和男孩（2006年9月1日以后出生），作为人类乳头瘤病毒（HPV）疫苗作为一部分NHS vaccination programme.

The HPV vaccine helps protect against cancers caused by HPV, including:

宫颈癌
一些口和喉咙（头和颈）癌症
一些cancers of the anal and genital areas

It also helps protect againstgenital warts.

在英格兰，年龄在12至13岁之间的女孩和男孩在学年8时通常会提供第一次HPV疫苗接种。

It's important to have both doses of the vaccine to be properly protected.

If you’re eligible and miss the HPV vaccine offered in Year 8 at school, it’s available for free on the NHS up until your 25th birthday for:

1991年9月1日之后出生的女孩
男孩在2006年9月1日之后出生

什么是HPV？

HPV是一个非常常见的病毒组的名称。

HPV有很多类型，其中一些被称为“高风险”，因为它们与癌症的发展有关，例如宫颈癌，肛门癌，生殖器癌和头颈部的癌症。

其他类型可能导致诸如疣或紫菜.

高风险类型的HPV可以在超过99％的宫颈癌中找到。

HPV与一些肛门和生殖器癌以及头颈部的癌症之间也存在显着关联。

HPV感染通常不会引起任何症状，大多数人都不知道自己被感染。

Find out more about HPV

What are the different types of HPV and what do they do?

There are more than 100 different types of HPV, and around 40 that affect the genital area.

HPV非常普遍，可以通过与已经拥有的其他人进行任何性接触来抓住。

Most people will get an HPV infection at some point in their lives and their bodies will get rid of it naturally without treatment.

But some people infected with a high-risk type of HPV will not be able to clear it.

Over time, this can cause abnormal tissue growth as well as other changes, which can lead to cancer if not treated.

高风险的HPV与不同类型的癌症有关，包括：

其他类型的HPV感染可能会导致：

genital warts- 生长或皮肤在生殖器或肛门区域周围变化；它们是最常见的病毒sexually transmitted infection (STI)在英国
skin warts and verrucas – not on the genital area
warts on the voice box or vocal cords (laryngeal papillomas)

HPV疫苗如何工作？

自2012年以来，Gardasil一直是NHS疫苗接种计划中使用的HPV疫苗。

Sometime during the 2021 to 2022 academic year, the HPV vaccine used in the NHS programme will switch to Gardasil 9.

Gardasil 9 protects against 9 types of HPV: 6, 11, 16, 18, 31, 33, 45, 52 and 58. Between them, types 16 and 18 are the cause of most cervical cancers in the UK (more than 80%). Types 31, 33, 45, 52 and 58 cause an additional 15% of cervical cancers.

这些类型的HPV还会导致大多数肛门癌，以及一些生殖器和头颈癌。

HPV types 6 and 11 cause around 90% of genital warts, so using Gardasil 9 helps protect girls and boys against both cancer and genital warts.

HPV疫苗接种并不能防止性爱期间的其他感染传播，例如衣原体，并且不会阻止女孩怀孕，因此进行安全性行为仍然非常重要。

Who can have the HPV vaccine through the NHS vaccination programme?

The 1st dose of the HPV vaccine is routinely offered to girls and boys aged 12 and 13 in school Year 8. The 2nd dose is offered 6 to 24 months after the 1st dose.

如果您错过了HPV疫苗剂量的任何一种，请与您的学校免疫团队或GP手术交谈，并预约以尽快降低剂量。

It's important to have both doses of the vaccine to be fully protected.

If you’re eligible and miss the HPV vaccine offered in Year 8 at school, it’s available for free on the NHS up until your 25th birthday for:

1991年9月1日之后出生的女孩
男孩在2006年9月1日之后出生

了解有关谁可以使用HPV疫苗的更多信息

Read more aboutHPV vaccination safetyand the可能的副作用.

HPV疫苗接种计划如何改变？

2018年7月，宣布HPV疫苗将扩展到英格兰12至13岁的男孩。

该决定是基于联合疫苗接种和免疫委员会（JCVI）的建议，该机构向英国卫生部门提供了有关免疫的建议。

自2019年至2020年的学年以来，八年级的12至13岁男孩和女孩（2006年9月1日出生）都有资格获得HPV疫苗。

HPV疫苗接种计划已扩展，以防止更多的男孩和女孩得到与HPV相关的癌症，例如头颈癌以及肛门和生殖器癌。

A catch-up programme for older boys is not necessary as evidence suggests they're already benefiting greatly from the indirect protection (known as herd protection) that's built up from 10 years of the girls' HPV vaccination programme.

Why is the HPV vaccine given at such a young age?

HPV infections can be spread by any skin-to-skin contact and are usually found on the fingers, hands, mouth and genitals.

This means the virus can be spread during any kind of sexual activity, including touching.

如果男孩和男孩在与HPV接触之前（换句话说，在性活跃之前），HPV疫苗在他们接触之前就效果最好。

因此，建议在推荐的情况下获取疫苗将有助于保护它们在十几岁及以后。

大多数未接种疫苗的人会在他们的一生中感染某种类型的HPV。

The virus does not usually do any harm because the person's immune system clears the infection.

但是有时感染在体内停留了很多年，然后可能开始造成损害。

HPV vaccination for men who have sex with men (MSM)

Gay, bisexual and other men who have sex with men (MSM) have not benefitted in the same way from the longstanding girls' programme, so may be left unprotected against HPV.

自2018年4月以来，MSM迄今为止及其包括45岁的MSM有资格在NHS上访问英格兰的专业性健康服务和HIV诊所时免费进行HPV疫苗接种。

在诊所询问医生或护士以获取更多详细信息。

Find out more about HPV vaccination for MSM in this NHS leaflet (PDF, 93kb)

跨性别者的HPV疫苗接种

Trans women (people who were assigned male at birth) are eligible in the same way as MSM if their risk of getting HPV is similar to the risk of MSM who are eligible for the HPV vaccine.

如果跨性别男人（出生时被分配的女性）与其他男性发生性关系并且年龄在45岁及以下，则有资格。

如果跨性别男性以前已经完成了HPV疫苗接种的过程，作为女孩HPV疫苗计划的一部分，则无需进一步的剂量。

How is the HPV vaccine given?

The HPV vaccine is given as 2 injections into the upper arm spaced at least 6 months apart.

It's important to have both doses of the vaccine to be properly protected.

If you missed the HPV vaccine offered in school Year 8, you can get it for free up until your 25th birthday.

与男性发生性关系（MSM）以及有资格获得疫苗的跨性别男性和跨性别女性的男性，还需要2剂疫苗的2剂疫苗分隔6个月。

HIV阳性或免疫系统弱（免疫抑制）的MSM需要3剂HPV疫苗。

如果您需要3剂疫苗：

第二剂量应在第1剂量后至少1个月给予
the 3rd dose should be given at least 3 months after the 2nd dose

重要的是要使所有疫苗剂量得到适当保护。

Find out more about how the HPV vaccine is given

HPV疫苗保护多长时间？

Studies have shown that the vaccine protects against HPV infection for at least 10 years, although experts expect protection to last for much longer.

But because the HPV vaccine does not protect against all types of HPV that can cause cervical cancer, it's important that all women who receive the HPV vaccine also have regular cervical screening once they reach the age of 25.

阅读有关宫颈筛查的更多信息

HPV vaccine overview