避孕套-Your contraception guide

避孕套are the only type of contraception that can both prevent pregnancy and protect againstsexually transmitted infections (STIs)。

有两种避孕套：

• 外部避孕套，穿在阴茎上 - 有时称为雄性避孕套
• female condoms, worn inside the vagina – sometimes called female condoms

此页面是关于外部避孕套的，并解释了它们如何工作以及您可以在哪里获得它们。

避孕套由非常薄的乳胶（橡胶），聚异丙烯或聚氨酯制成，旨在阻止您的精液与性伴侣接触。

一眼：避孕套

• When used correctly every time you have sex, male condoms are98％有效。This means 2 out of 100 people will become pregnant in 1 year when male condoms are used as contraception.
• 您可以从避孕诊所，性健康诊所和一些GP手术中获得免费避孕套。
• Oil-based products – such as moisturiser, lotion and Vaseline – can damage latex and polyisoprene condoms, but they are safe to use with polyurethane condoms.
• 水基润滑剂可安全与所有避孕套一起使用。
• 避孕套在性生活中有可能滑落。如果发生这种情况，您可能需要emergency contraception并检查性传播感染。
• 避孕套need to be stored in places that are not too hot or cold, and away from sharp or rough surfaces that could tear them or wear them away.
• Putting on a condom can be an enjoyable part of sex and does not have to feel like an interruption.
• If you're sensitive to latex, you can use polyurethane or polyisoprene condoms instead.
• 避孕套不得多次使用。每次发生性关系时都要使用新的。
• 避孕套在包装上有使用日期。请勿使用过时的避孕套。
• 始终在包裹上使用欧洲CE Mark或UKCA标记的避孕套。这意味着他们已经接受了高安全标准的测试。

避孕套的工作方式

避孕套are a "barrier" method of contraception. They are made of very thin latex (rubber), polyurethane or polyisoprene and are designed to prevent pregnancy by stopping sperm from meeting an egg.

They can also protect against STIs if used correctly during vaginal, anal and oral sex.

Make sure that your penis does not touch your partner's genital area before you have put on a condom – semen can come out of the penis before full ejaculation (you have come).

如果发生这种情况，或者在使用避孕套时精液在阴道性爱期间进入您的伴侣的阴道，则可能需要emergency contraception。您还应该考虑进行性传播感染测试。

How to use a condom

• 将避孕套从包装中取出，注意不要用珠宝或指甲撕裂。不要用牙齿打开包包。
• 将避孕套放在阴茎的尖端上。
• If there's a teat on the end of the condom, use your thumb and forefinger to squeeze the air out of it.
• Gently roll the condom down to the base of the penis.
• 如果避孕套不会滚下来，您可能会以错误的方式将其固定。如果发生这种情况，它可能会有精子，因此将其扔掉，然后再尝试新的精子。
• After sex, take out the penis while it's still erect – hold the condom on at the base of the penis while you do this.
• 从阴茎上取出避孕套，注意不要洒上任何精液。
• Throw the condom away in a bin, not down the toilet.
• 确保您的阴茎不会再碰到伴侣的生殖区域。
• If you have sex again, use a new condom.

使用润滑剂

避孕套润滑以使其易于使用，但您也可能喜欢使用其他润滑剂（润滑油）。特别建议肛交减少避孕套分裂的机会。

您可以使用任何类型的润滑剂与非乳胶制成的聚氨酯避孕套。但是，如果您使用乳胶或聚异丙烯避孕套，请勿使用油基润滑剂 - 例如乳液，油油或石油果冻（凡士林）。这是因为油基润滑剂可能会损坏避孕套并使其更有可能分裂。

避孕套with spermicide

Some condoms come with spermicide on them. You should avoid using this type, or using spermicide as a lubricant, as it does not protect against STIs and may increase your risk of infection.

Who can use condoms?

Most people can safely use condoms, but they may not be the most suitable method of contraception for everyone.

• Some people are allergic to latex condoms. If this is a problem, polyurethane or polyisoprene condoms are less likely to cause an allergic reaction.
• If you have difficulty keeping an erection, you may not be able to use condoms because the penis must be erect to prevent semen from leaking or the condom slipping off.

避孕套的优点和缺点

Some advantages of using condoms:

• 当正确且一致地使用时，它们是预防怀孕并保护双方免受性传播疾病的可靠方法，包括衣原体，，，，淋病和HIV。
• You only need to use them when you have sex – they do not need advance preparation and are suitable for unplanned sex.
• 在大多数情况下，使用避孕套没有医疗副作用。
• They are easy to get hold of and come in a variety of shapes, sizes and flavours.

一些缺点包括：

• 一些夫妇发现，使用避孕套中断性行为 - 为了解决这个问题，请尝试使用前戏的避孕套部分。
• 避孕套are very strong but may split or tear if not used properly. If this happens to you, practise putting them on so you get used to using them.
• 有些人可能对乳胶，塑料或杀精子过敏，但是您可以获得引起过敏反应的可能性较小的避孕套。
• 使用避孕套时，射精后和阴茎变软之前必须拉出，将避孕套牢固地固定在适当的位置。

任何事情都可以使避孕套降低效果吗？

如果您进行了阴道性行为，即使使用避孕套，精子有时也会在性爱期间进入阴道。如果：

• the penis touches the area around the vagina before a condom is put on
• 避孕套分裂或脱落
• 避孕套被锋利的指甲或珠宝损坏
• 您使用油性润滑剂，例如乳液，婴儿油或石油果冻，乳胶或聚硅酸盐避孕套 - 这会损坏避孕套
• 您正在使用药物以诸如thrush，，，，such as creams, pessaries or suppositories – this can damage latex and polyisoprene condoms, and stop them working properly

如果您认为精子已经进入阴道，则可能需要emergency contraception。You can use emergency contraception up to 5 days after unprotected sex (when sperm entered the vagina).

您还应该考虑进行性传播感染测试。你可以去：

• 性健康诊所
• 避孕诊所
• 年轻人的诊所

您可以使用另一种形式的避孕药，例如避孕药或植入物，以防止怀孕。

However, other forms of contraception will not protect you against STIs. You'll still be at risk of STIs if the condom breaks.

Where to get condoms

即使您16岁以下，您也可以免费获得避孕套：

• 避孕诊所
• sexual health or GUM (genitourinary medicine) clinics
• 一些GP手术
• 一些年轻人的服务

Find a sexual health clinic

You can also buy condoms from:

• 药房
• supermarkets
• websites
• 一些公共厕所中的自动售货机
• 一些加油站

始终购买包含欧洲CE Mark或The Packet上的UKCA商标的避孕套。这意味着他们已经接受了所需的安全标准测试。

如果您不到16岁

Contraception services are free and confidential, including for people under the age of 16.

If you're under 16 and want contraception, the doctor, nurse or pharmacist will not tell your parents (or carer) as long as they believe you fully understand the information you're given and the decisions you're making.

与16岁以下的人打交道时，医生和护士在严格的指导下工作。他们会鼓励您考虑告诉父母，但他们不会使您成为您。

专业人士可能想告诉别人的唯一一次是他们是否认为您有伤害风险，例如虐待。风险需要严重，他们通常会首先与您讨论。